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Russians fight Twitter and Facebook battles over Putin election
Protests against president's party escalate across social media with flood of automated counterattacks and alleged hacking
- Miriam Elder in Moscow
- guardian.co.uk,
- Article history
Protest against Vladimir Putin United party over elections have escalated across social media, including Twitter and Facebook, with a flood of automated counterattacks. Photograph: Yana Lapikova/AFP/Getty Images
Russians have flooded Facebook and Twitter as they organise unprecedented protests against Vladimir Putin's United Russia party. But they are not alone. Thousands of Twitter accounts appear to have been created with the sole purpose of drowning out opposition voices by flooding the service's hashtag search function.
The automated attacks have dumped a blizzard of meaningless tweets with hashtags such as #Navalny, on which tweets about Alexei Navalny are collated, making it impossible to follow the flow of news about the arrested opposition leader. Many of the so-called "Twitter bots" have now been shut down.
The flood of fake tweets came after liberal websites, including the LiveJournal blogging platform, the website for radio station Ekho Moskvy and weekly journal Bolshoi Gorod , were shut down by distributed denial of service attacks on Sunday, the day of Russia's disputed parliamentary vote.
The website for Golos, an independent election monitor, was also shut down. Golos employees complained this week that their email had been hacked and inaccessible for several days. On Friday, tabloid Life News published employees' private emails, detailing correspondence with the US development agency – presented as "proof" that the group was acting on foreign orders to disrupt the Russian election.
The most interesting hack attack, however, came via a more antiquated instrument – the telephone. On Thursday, the liberal Yabloko party and newspaper Novaya Gazeta said their telephone lines had been paralysed by endless calls featuring a recorded female voice: "Putin is very good. Putin loves you. Putin makes your life happy. Love Putin and your life will fill with meaning. Putin does everything for you. Remember, Putin does everything just for you. Putin is life. Putin is light. Without Putin, life has no meaning. Putin is your protector. Putin is your saviour." Over and over again.
The automated attacks have dumped a blizzard of meaningless tweets with hashtags such as #Navalny, on which tweets about Alexei Navalny are collated, making it impossible to follow the flow of news about the arrested opposition leader. Many of the so-called "Twitter bots" have now been shut down.
The flood of fake tweets came after liberal websites, including the LiveJournal blogging platform, the website for radio station Ekho Moskvy and weekly journal Bolshoi Gorod , were shut down by distributed denial of service attacks on Sunday, the day of Russia's disputed parliamentary vote.
The website for Golos, an independent election monitor, was also shut down. Golos employees complained this week that their email had been hacked and inaccessible for several days. On Friday, tabloid Life News published employees' private emails, detailing correspondence with the US development agency – presented as "proof" that the group was acting on foreign orders to disrupt the Russian election.
The most interesting hack attack, however, came via a more antiquated instrument – the telephone. On Thursday, the liberal Yabloko party and newspaper Novaya Gazeta said their telephone lines had been paralysed by endless calls featuring a recorded female voice: "Putin is very good. Putin loves you. Putin makes your life happy. Love Putin and your life will fill with meaning. Putin does everything for you. Remember, Putin does everything just for you. Putin is life. Putin is light. Without Putin, life has no meaning. Putin is your protector. Putin is your saviour." Over and over again.
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Putin faces wave of protests as opposition calls for new Russian elections
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Secretary of State John Bolton?
So, Newt Gingrich said yesterday that he’d appoint John Bolton as his Secretary of State. David Bosco weighs in with a big, “meh” arguing that Bolton’s tenure as Ambassador to the United Nations wasn’t really that radical.
1 His memoir, Surrender is not an Option, mostly covers his stint as U.N. ambassador between August 2005 and late 2006 and it’s written to bolster that image. He includes plenty of jibes at feckless Europeans and blinkered U.N. bureaucrats. But what was Bolton’s actual record in his most consequential government post? For a variety of reasons, it was not nearly as radical as one might expect…In short, Bolton was far more pragamatic and incrementalist at the U.N. than his detractors — and Bolton himself — suggest. (Emphasis)“Not so!” says I. When left to his own devices, Bolton did, in fact, try to impose his hard-edge ideology on debates at the United Nations. He just did not get away with it because he still had to take orders from a Secretary of State (Condoleezza Rice) who was much more pragmatic than Bolton. In fact, when things got really bad Kofi Annan would telephone Rice and ask her to reign in Amb. Bolton. And she did. In December 2005, I reported out a good example of this dynamic:
For days, frantic negotiations on the substance of far-ranging UN reforms dragged on from 8 a.m. to 1 a.m. But the one UN ambassador who generally arrived earliest and stayed latest always looked more upbeat than his bleary-eyed counterparts. “All night — all right!” quipped John Bolton to a press stakeout.If Bolton is Secretary of State who is Ban Ki Moon going to call when the goings get rough? President Gingrich? I think not.
There was a reason for Bolton’s cheer: He was the man most responsible for the complexity of these negotiations. A month earlier, the newly minted, recess-appointed U.S. ambassador had sent negotiations into a tailspin when he submitted some 750 alterations to a 39-page text known as the “summit outcomes” document. Bolton’s most eye-popping suggestion at this summit, billed as a renewal of the UN’s 5-year-old pledge to help poor countries, was that all 14 references in the document to the anti-poverty Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) be deleted.
The MDGs grew out of a global agreement on poverty eradication known as the Millennium Declaration, which was signed at a UN summit in September 2000. The “goals” that Bolton tried to nix include, among other things, reducing by half the number of people who live on less than a dollar a day — right now, 1.3 billion — by 2015. While the United States had never signed the agreement, the goals were never a target of Bush administration animus before Bolton came aboard.
Bolton’s stance on the MDGs caused an uproar. In addition to the G-77 bloc of developing nations that had the most to lose from the elimination of MDGs, the British, who had recently played host to a G8 summit focusing on African poverty, were particularly livid. Even the United States itself seemed to back away. In a meeting with representatives of nongovernmental organizations shortly after Bolton’s edits were leaked to The Washington Post for an August 25 story, Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns refused to confirm or deny that, per Bolton, the United States was dropping its support of the MDGs. To those in the room, wise to the oblique lingua franca of the diplomatic world, Burns’ pullback hinted that Bolton had forged his own policy on the MDGs — ahead of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
The Prospect has learned that, in the end, it took Rice’s personal intervention to set things right. On September 5 she participated in a conference call with UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and British Foreign Minister Jack Straw on the subject of UN reform. The next day, Bolton sent a letter to his UN counterparts relenting on the issue. Finally, to put all lingering questions about U.S. support of the MDGs to rest, President Bush himself stated America’s firm commitment to them in his September 14 speech to the UN General Assembly.
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8811081Eighty-four
ethics charges were filed against Speaker Gingrich during his term, including
claiming tax-exempt status for a college course run for political purposes.
Following an investigation by the House Ethics Committee Gingrich was sanctioned. Gingrich acknowledged in
January 1997 that "In my name and over my signature, inaccurate,
incomplete and unreliable statements were given to the committee". The House Ethics Committee concluded that
inaccurate information supplied to investigators represented "intentional
or ... reckless" disregard of House rules. The special Counsel concluded
that Gingrich violated federal tax law and had lied to the ethics panel in an
effort to force the committee to dismiss the complaint against him. He has always been about the money.
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December 10 2011 | Last updated 2 hours 57 minutes ago
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Opinion | Columnists
'New Start' to an arms race
US has alienated Russia over a missile defence system that will not shield it against Iran or North Korea Russian warhead numbers had already dipped below the New Start limits earlier this year, but have now increased to 16 warheads above the treaty limits- Christian Science Monitor
- Published: 00:00 December 6, 2011
- Image Credit: AFP
- Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.
Judging by the sound and fury coming from Russia lately, the United States might be witnessing the slow-motion destruction of US President Barack Obama's foreign policy crown jewel, the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New Start).
But no big surprise there, really: It was only a matter of time before the time bomb attached to the treaty — European missile defence — blew it up. Not only is Russia figuratively up in arms, but it has actually upped its nuclear arms lately, possibly re-igniting a cold-war-style arms race.
Under New Start, which entered into force in February, Moscow and Washington agreed to reduce their deployed strategic warheads to 1,550 each by 2018.
The problem with European missile defence is that while it's designed to counter Iran, the faster interceptors due to come online in 2018 will also be able to engage Russian warheads, upsetting this all-important perception of parity. Indeed, this interplay between strategic offence and defence was explicitly recognised in the preamble to the treaty.
Now Russia is warning it will deploy advanced conventional Iskander missile systems in its western and southern Kaliningrad and Krasnodar regions and neighbouring Belarus if there is no satisfactory closure on the missile defence issue. These missiles would be capable of targeting the Nato missile defence bases.
Russia has also been increasing its deployed strategic nuclear stockpile. Russian warhead numbers had already dipped below the New Start limits earlier this year, but have now increased to 16 warheads above the treaty limits. While the increase is not large, the trajectory of change is discouraging: Instead of continuing the decline in warhead numbers, Russia is now evidently increasing its deployed strategic stockpile.That more of the three-warhead RS-24 missiles are now being used — and fewer of the single warhead SS-25s — strongly suggests that this is a direct reaction to Nato missile defence, since the RS-24s were specifically developed in response to earlier missile-defence plans.
While New Start is a modest treaty in terms of strategic warhead reductions, it represents an important accomplishment for Russia and the United States: It re-establishes the data exchange on strategic-weapon systems and resets the US-Russia nuclear arms control relationship by building in a degree of predictability. It regularly brings together experts from both nations and increases transparency and decreases the possibility of misunderstanding.
Concessions to hawks
Huge funding increases for America's nuclear-weapons complex and ‘modernisation' programmes as well as the green-lighting of the flawed missile-defence system were offered as concessions to reluctant hawks to get their agreement to sign on the dotted line. Obama entered office not favouring the ill-tested missile defence system but changed his mind because he needed additional votes to pass New Start.
And this missile defence "time bomb" in New Start is what is now going off. The anticipated increase in security by slightly reducing strategic-nuclear-warhead numbers is now more than negated by the poisoning of relations with Russia over missile defence. It would possibly be worth tolerating the deteriorating relations with Russia if the planned missile defence system were actually effective against Iran or North Korea. In short, Washington has succeeded in alienating Russia over a missile defence system that will provide an ineffective defence against Iran or North Korea.
Arms control treaties should not be ratified at any cost. It would have been wiser to have no New Start treaty and no missile defence and no large funding increases for the nuclear-weapons complex, than having all three as we now do. In fact, signing such treaties casts Russia as an adversary and there are some sound arguments to avoid such neo-cold-war treaties in the future. The data-exchange and transparency measures could have been negotiated without a formal treaty — and without the domestic ransom.
There is no pressing need to involve Russia bilaterally in future arms reductions. In fact, the chief of the Strategic Plans and Policy Division of the Air Force has indicated that US nuclear-deterrent needs can safely be met by just 311 nuclear weapons. We ought to go to that number right away, and let Russia do whatever it wants. If Moscow wants to waste money on the upkeep of thousands of useless nuclear weapons, that's its problem. Russia is not our enemy — let's stop treating it like one.
— Christian Science Monitor
Dr Yousaf Butt, a nuclear physicist, serves as a scientific consultant for the Federation of American Scientists.
But no big surprise there, really: It was only a matter of time before the time bomb attached to the treaty — European missile defence — blew it up. Not only is Russia figuratively up in arms, but it has actually upped its nuclear arms lately, possibly re-igniting a cold-war-style arms race.
Under New Start, which entered into force in February, Moscow and Washington agreed to reduce their deployed strategic warheads to 1,550 each by 2018.
The problem with European missile defence is that while it's designed to counter Iran, the faster interceptors due to come online in 2018 will also be able to engage Russian warheads, upsetting this all-important perception of parity. Indeed, this interplay between strategic offence and defence was explicitly recognised in the preamble to the treaty.
Article continues below
For more than a year, Moscow and Washington have been negotiating on possible ways to cooperate on missile defence. The Russians would like to set up a joint European missile defence network with Nato, to make sure that the elements of the system — in a number of Nato countries, including Turkey — will not neutralise Russia's nuclear warheads. Nato, in contrast, has proposed the creation of two entirely separate systems that would exchange information. But the discussions have gone nowhere, and on November 23, President Dmitry Medvedev finally threw in the towel, announcing the end of negotiations.Now Russia is warning it will deploy advanced conventional Iskander missile systems in its western and southern Kaliningrad and Krasnodar regions and neighbouring Belarus if there is no satisfactory closure on the missile defence issue. These missiles would be capable of targeting the Nato missile defence bases.
Russia has also been increasing its deployed strategic nuclear stockpile. Russian warhead numbers had already dipped below the New Start limits earlier this year, but have now increased to 16 warheads above the treaty limits. While the increase is not large, the trajectory of change is discouraging: Instead of continuing the decline in warhead numbers, Russia is now evidently increasing its deployed strategic stockpile.That more of the three-warhead RS-24 missiles are now being used — and fewer of the single warhead SS-25s — strongly suggests that this is a direct reaction to Nato missile defence, since the RS-24s were specifically developed in response to earlier missile-defence plans.
While New Start is a modest treaty in terms of strategic warhead reductions, it represents an important accomplishment for Russia and the United States: It re-establishes the data exchange on strategic-weapon systems and resets the US-Russia nuclear arms control relationship by building in a degree of predictability. It regularly brings together experts from both nations and increases transparency and decreases the possibility of misunderstanding.
Concessions to hawks
Huge funding increases for America's nuclear-weapons complex and ‘modernisation' programmes as well as the green-lighting of the flawed missile-defence system were offered as concessions to reluctant hawks to get their agreement to sign on the dotted line. Obama entered office not favouring the ill-tested missile defence system but changed his mind because he needed additional votes to pass New Start.
And this missile defence "time bomb" in New Start is what is now going off. The anticipated increase in security by slightly reducing strategic-nuclear-warhead numbers is now more than negated by the poisoning of relations with Russia over missile defence. It would possibly be worth tolerating the deteriorating relations with Russia if the planned missile defence system were actually effective against Iran or North Korea. In short, Washington has succeeded in alienating Russia over a missile defence system that will provide an ineffective defence against Iran or North Korea.
Arms control treaties should not be ratified at any cost. It would have been wiser to have no New Start treaty and no missile defence and no large funding increases for the nuclear-weapons complex, than having all three as we now do. In fact, signing such treaties casts Russia as an adversary and there are some sound arguments to avoid such neo-cold-war treaties in the future. The data-exchange and transparency measures could have been negotiated without a formal treaty — and without the domestic ransom.
There is no pressing need to involve Russia bilaterally in future arms reductions. In fact, the chief of the Strategic Plans and Policy Division of the Air Force has indicated that US nuclear-deterrent needs can safely be met by just 311 nuclear weapons. We ought to go to that number right away, and let Russia do whatever it wants. If Moscow wants to waste money on the upkeep of thousands of useless nuclear weapons, that's its problem. Russia is not our enemy — let's stop treating it like one.
— Christian Science Monitor
Dr Yousaf Butt, a nuclear physicist, serves as a scientific consultant for the Federation of American Scientists.
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Ştiri, şi recenzii Vizualizari: Sid Harth
Tot ceea ce ai dorit mereu să ştiţi despre India şi mai multPolitica externă şi am
Ruşii lupta Twitter şi Facebook bătălii peste alegerilor Putin
Proteste împotriva partidului preşedintelui escalada pe social media, cu inundaţii de contraatacuri automatizate şi hacking presupusa- Miriam Elder în Moscova
- guardian.co.uk ,
- Articolul istorie
Protest împotriva lui Vladimir Putin, Marea partidului faţă de alegerile au escaladat în întreaga mass-media sociale, inclusiv Twitter şi Facebook, cu un val de contraatacuri automatizate. Fotografie: Yana Lapikova / AFP / Getty ImagesRuşii au inundat Facebook şi Twitter în care acestea organiza proteste fără precedent împotriva lui Vladimir Putin s-Marea Rusia partid. Dar ei nu sunt singuri. Mii de conturi de Twitter par sa fi fost creat cu unicul scop de a înec voci din opoziţie prin inundarea funcţia de serviciul de căutare hashtag.
Atacurile automate au făcut obiectul unui dumping un viscol de tweet-uri cu hashtags sens, cum ar fi # Navalny, pe care tweets despre Alexei Navalny sunt colaţionate, ceea ce face imposibil să urmeze fluxul de ştiri despre liderul opoziţiei arestaţi. Multe dintre aşa-numitele "impotriva Twitter" au fost închise.
De inundaţii de tweet-uri false a venit dupa ce site-urile liberale, inclusiv LiveJournal blogging platformă, site-ul pentru postul de radio Eho Moskvî şi pe săptămână jurnal Gorod Bolshoi , au fost închise prin negarea distribuite de atacuri de serviciu duminică, în ziua Rusiei vot parlamentar în litigiu.
Site-ul pentru Golos, un monitor electorale independente, a fost de asemenea închis. Salariaţi Golos plâns în această săptămână că e-mailul lor a fost spart şi inaccesibile pentru mai multe zile. Vineri, News Life tabloid a publicat e-mailurile angajatilor privat, detaliind corespondenţa cu agenţia de dezvoltare din SUA - prezentat ca fiind "dovada" că grupul a fost acţionează la ordinele străine să perturbe alegerile rus.
Atacul hack cele mai interesante, cu toate acestea, a venit printr-un instrument mai învechite - telefon. Joi, liberal Yabloko partid şi ziarul Novaya Gazeta a declarat liniile lor de telefon a fost paralizată de apeluri nelimitate oferind o voce înregistrată femeie: "Putin este foarte bun. Putin te iubeşte. Putin a vă face viaţa fericită. Dragoste Putin şi viaţa ta se va umple cu sens. Putin face totul pentru tine. Amintiţi-vă, Putin a face totul doar pentru tine. Putin este viaţa. Putin este lumina. Fără Putin, viata nu are sens. Putin este protectorul tău. Putin este Mântuitorul tău "Iarăşi şi iarăşi..Mai multe despre această poveste
- Putin se confruntă cu val de proteste ar fi apeluri de opoziţie pentru organizarea de noi alegeri Rusă
Mai mult de 35.000 de demonstranţi aşteptaţi să participe la Moscova raliu ca furia creşte faţă de fenomenul corupţiei şi lipsa de democraţie în Rusia - Rusă protest expati, pe fondul val de furie - si speranta
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Impactul asupra Twitter emisiuni TV6 iunie 2011
Pentru producătorii, posturi pe Facebook şi Twitter sunt văzute ca indicatori de succes - dar acestea au o influenţă evaluări? Prin Kate Bulkley- 11 august 2011David Cameron consideră că interzicerea insurgenţii suspectate de la mass-media sociale
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Newsletter Înscrieţi-văundispatch @ dickinsonbeth este în Burundi, în cazul în care oamenii sunt foarte nervos despre alegerile din RDC. ht.ly/7UDWW 6 ore în urmă · răspuns · retweet · favoritundispatch hei @ UNrightswire , atunci când sunteţi voi merge pentru a putea posta film plin de social media Navi Pillay primărie? 7 ore în urmă · răspuns · retweet · favoritundispatch RT @ humnews : Este Myanmar foarte schimbatoare? (Perspectiva) pulse.me/s/3T4Xb # Myanmar Myanmar # # Asia Thailanda # 8 ore în urmă · răspuns · retweet · favoritundispatch RT @ hayesbrown : New post pe undispatch @ pe # DRC2011 rezultate. Aceasta ar putea primi urât repede, şi @ MONUSCO trebuie să protejeze toate partile: ... 8 ore în urmă · răspuns · retweet · favoritONU Trimiterea de hrană completăSecretarul de stat John Bolton?
Deci, Newt Gingrich a declarat ieri că el ar numi John Bolton ca secretar de stat. David Bosco cântăreşte cu un mare, "MEH", susţinând că mandatul lui Bolton ca ambasador la Naţiunile Unite nu a fost într-adevăr că radical.1
Memoriile sale, Surrender nu este o opţiune , acoperă cea mai mare parte stagiu sale ca ambasador al ONU, între august 2005 şi sfârşitul anului 2006 şi este scris pentru a susţine acea imagine. El include o multime de jibes la europeni slab si birocratii blinkered ONU. Dar ceea ce a fost Rezultatele reale Bolton în postul său guvern cele mai importante consecinţe? Pentru o varietate de motive, nu a fost aproape la fel de radical ca s-ar putea aştepta ... Pe scurt, Bolton a fost mult mai pragamatic şi incrementalist la ONU decât detractorii săi - el însuşi şi Bolton - sugerează. (Accent)
"Nu aşa!", Spune I. Atunci când la stânga la dispozitivele sale, Bolton a făcut, de fapt, încearcă să impună lui hard-ideologie pe marginea dezbaterilor la Naţiunile Unite. El pur şi simplu nu au ajuns departe cu ea pentru că el încă mai trebuia să ia ordine de la un secretar de stat (Condoleezza Rice), care a fost mult mai pragmatic decât Bolton. De fapt, atunci când lucrurile au luat-foarte rău Kofi Annan ar fi telefon Rice şi cereţi-i să domnească în Amb. Bolton. Şi ea a făcut. În decembrie 2005, am raportat un exemplu bun de această dinamică:
Pentru zilele, negocieri frenetice cu privire la substanţa a ceea ce-reforme ONU tras pe la 8 dimineata pana la 1 pm, dar o ambasadorul ONU care, în general, mai devreme a sosit şi a rămas întotdeauna cele mai recente arata mai optimist decat sa-bleary cu ochii omologii. "Toată noaptea -! Bine", glumea John Bolton la un filaj de presă.
Dacă Bolton este secretarul de stat, care este, Ban Ki Moon va pentru a apela în cazul în care ieşirile ajunge dur? Preşedintele Gingrich? Cred că nu.
Nu a fost un motiv de bucurie lui Bolton: El a fost omul cel mai responsabil pentru complexitatea acestor negocieri. O lună mai devreme, recent bătute, adâncitură-numit ambasador al SUA a trimis negocierilor într-un haos, când a prezentat la circa 750 de modificări la un text de 39 de pagini cunoscut sub numele de "summit-ul rezultatelor" document. Cele mai multe lui Bolton ochi-popping sugestie lor la acest summit, taxat ca o reînnoire a ONU de 5 ani, angajamentul de a ajuta ţările sărace, a fost faptul că toate cele 14 referirile din document la anti-sărăcie de Dezvoltare ale Mileniului (ODM) se elimină.
ODM-urilor a crescut dintr-un acord global privind eradicarea sărăciei cunoscut sub numele de Declaraţia Mileniului, care a fost semnat la summit-ul ONU din septembrie 2000. "Obiective" care Bolton a încercat să nix includă, printre altele, reducerea cu jumătate din numărul de persoane care trăiesc cu mai puţin de un dolar pe zi - chiar acum, 1,3 miliarde de euro - până în 2015. În timp ce Statele Unite nu au semnat acordul, obiectivele nu au fost niciodată o ţintă de administraţia Bush animus înainte de Bolton a venit la bord.
Poziţia lui Bolton privind ODM cauzat un vacarm. În plus faţă de blocul G-77 de naţiuni în curs de dezvoltare care au avut cel mai mult de pierdut de eliminare a ODM, britanic, care a jucat recent gazdă la un summit G8 concentrându-se asupra sărăciei din Africa, au fost deosebit de livid. Chiar şi Statele Unite în sine părea să dea înapoi. Într-o întâlnire cu reprezentanţii organizaţiilor neguvernamentale la scurt timp după ce lui Bolton modificări au fost scurgeri de la Washington Post pentru un 25 august poveste, subsecretarul de stat pentru Afaceri Politice Nicholas Burns a refuzat să confirme sau să infirme faptul că, pe Bolton, Statele Unite ale Americii a fost in scadere sprijinul acordat de de Dezvoltare ale Mileniului. Pentru cei din cameră, înţelept să oblică lingua franca a lumii diplomatice, pret, Burns ", a sugerat că Bolton a falsificat politica proprie privind ODM - înainte de Secretarul de Stat Condoleezza Rice.
Prospect a aflat că, în cele din urmă, a luat personal de intervenţie Rice de a stabili lucrurile dreapta. La 5 septembrie ea a participat la un apel conferinţă cu Secretarul General al ONU Kofi Annan şi ministrul de Externe britanic Jack Straw pe tema reformei ONU. A doua zi, Bolton a trimis o scrisoare către omologii săi relenting ONU pe această temă. În cele din urmă, pentru a pune toate întrebările persistente cu privire la sprijinul Statelor Unite a ODM-urilor pentru a se odihni, preşedintele Bush însuşi a declarat angajamentul ferm al Americii de a le în discursul său 14 septembrie la Adunarea Generală a ONU.
0 Rezultate 1 comentariu
- 8811081Optzeci şi patru
taxele de etica au fost depuse împotriva boxă Gingrich, în timpul mandatului său, inclusiv
susţinând de scutire de taxe pentru un curs de colegiu candida pentru scopuri politice.
În urma unei anchete de către Comitetul de Etică Casa Gingrich a fost sancţionată. Gingrich a recunoscut în
Ianuarie 1997 că "În numele meu şi peste semnătura mea, inexacte,
declaraţii incomplete şi nesigure au fost date în faţa comisiei ". Casa de Etică Comitetul a concluzionat că
informaţii inexacte furnizate de anchetatori a reprezentat "intenţionate
sau ... nesăbuită "cu încălcarea normelor House. Counsel speciale încheiate
Gingrich că a încălcat dreptul fiscal federal şi-au minţit la panoul de etică într-o
efortul de a forţa comisiei pentru respingerea plângerii împotriva lui. El a fost întotdeauna despre bani.
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10 decembrie 2011 | Ultima actualizare 2 oră 57 minute în urmă
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"Nou început" pentru o cursă a înarmării
Statele Unite au înstrăinat Rusia asupra unui sistem de apărare antirachetă, care nu va scut împotriva Iranului sau Coreei de Nord numere Rusă focos au avut deja de întâlnire sub limitele de nou început la inceputul acestui an, dar au crescut acum la 16 focoase peste limitele tratatului
- Christian Science Monitor
- Publicat în: 00:00 06 decembrie 2011
- Credit imagine: AFP
- Preşedintele rus Dmitri Medvedev.
Judecând după sunetul şi furia care provin din Rusia în ultimul timp, Statele Unite ale Americii ar putea fi martori la distrugerea slow-motion de preşedintele american Barack Obama pentru politică externă, bijuteria coroanei, New Tratatul de Reducere a Armelor Strategice (nou început).
Dar nici o surpriza mare acolo, într-adevăr: A fost doar o chestiune de timp înainte de bomba de timp anexat la Tratatul - European de apărare antirachetă - aceasta a explodat. Nu numai ca este Rusia la figurat in brate, dar le-a marit de fapt armele sale nucleare în ultima vreme, eventual re-aprindere un război rece în stil cursă a înarmărilor.
Sub Pornire noi, care a intrat în vigoare în februarie, Moscova şi Washingtonul au convenit să îşi reducă focoasele strategice dislocate la 1.550 fiecare pana in 2018.
Problema cu europeană de apărare antirachetă este că, deşi este proiectat pentru a contracara Iranul, cu atât mai repede din cauza de a veni on-line în 2018 de interceptare vor fi, de asemenea, posibilitatea de a se angaja focoase ruseşti, deranjant această percepţie toate importante de paritate. Într-adevăr, această interacţiune între infracţiune strategice şi de apărare a fost recunoscut în mod explicit în preambulul la tratat.
Articolul continuă de mai josPentru mai mult de un an, Moscova si Washington au fost de negociere cu privire la posibilităţile de a coopera în apărarea anti-rachetă. Ruşii ar dori să înfiinţeze o reţea european comun de apărare antirachetă cu NATO, pentru a vă asigura că elementele sistemului - într-un număr de ţări NATO, inclusiv Turcia - nu va neutraliza focoase nucleare a Rusiei. NATO, în schimb, a propus crearea a două sisteme separate, în întregime, care ar face schimb de informaţii. Dar discuţiile au plecat nicăieri, şi pe 23 noiembrie, presedintele rus Dmitri Medvedev în cele din urmă a aruncat în prosop, anunţă încheierea negocierilor.
Acum, Rusia este de avertizare se va implementa sisteme avansate de rachete Iskander convenţionale în vestul şi sudul Kaliningrad şi regiunile învecinate Krasnodar şi Belarus în cazul în care nu există nici o închidere satisfăcătoare cu privire la problema apărarea anti-rachetă. Aceste rachete ar fi capabili de direcţionare anti-rachetă NATO bazele de apărare.
Rusia a fost, de asemenea în creştere sale desfăşurate stocurilor nucleare strategice. Numerele rus a avut deja focos întâlnire sub limitele de nou început la inceputul acestui an, dar au crescut acum la 16 focoase peste limitele tratatului. Deşi creşterea nu este mare, traiectoria de schimbare este descurajator: În loc de a continua declinul, în număr de focos, Rusia este acum în creştere evident stockpile.That sale strategice dislocate mai multe dintre cele trei-focos RS-24 rachete sunt acum folosite - şi mai puţine focos unic SS 25 de ani - sugereaza ca aceasta este o reacţie directă la NATO de apărare antirachetă, din moment ce RS-24s au fost special dezvoltate ca răspuns la mai devreme de aparare antiracheta planuri.
În timp ce nou început este un tratat modestă în ceea ce priveşte reducerea focoase strategice, acesta reprezintă o realizare importantă pentru Rusia şi Statele Unite ale Americii: Se re-instituie schimbul de date privind sistemele de arme strategice-şi resetează SUA-Rusia relaţie de control al armelor nucleare prin construirea de într-un grad de predictibilitate. Acesta reuneşte în mod regulat experţi din ambele ţări şi transparenţa creşte şi scade posibilitatea de neînţelegere.
Concesii ulii
Creşteri uriaşe de finanţare pentru a Americii de arme nucleare complexe şi "modernizarea" programelor, precum şi de iluminat verde-a viciat sistem anti-rachetă au fost oferite ca concesii pentru a uliul reticenţi în a se acordul de a semna pe linia punctată. Obama a intrat birou nu favorizează rău-testat sistemul de apărare antirachetă, dar a schimbat mintea lui, deoarece el avea nevoie de voturi suplimentare pentru a trece nou început.
Şi această apărarea anti-rachetă "bomba de timp" în New Start este ceea ce este acum merge off. Creştere anticipată a securităţii prin reducerea uşor strategic nuclear-focos numerelor este acum mai mult decât negată de otrăvire a relaţiilor cu Rusia peste apărarea anti-rachetă. Ar fi, eventual, în valoare de tolerarea deteriorarea relaţiilor cu Rusia, dacă planificate sistemul de apărare anti-rachetă au fost de fapt eficiente împotriva Iranului sau Coreei de Nord. Pe scurt, Washington a reuşit să înstrăineze Rusia asupra unui sistem de apărare antirachetă, care va oferi o apărare ineficiente impotriva Iranului sau a Coreei de Nord.
Arme tratatele de control nu ar trebui să fie ratificat cu orice preţ. Ar fi fost mai înţelept să nu aibă nici tratat nou început şi fără de apărare anti-rachetă şi nu creşteri importante de finanţare pentru complexul de arme nucleare, decât având toate cele trei aşa cum o fac acum. De fapt, semnarea tratatelor, cum ar arunca Rusia, ca un adversar şi există unele argumente solide pentru a evita astfel de neo-război rece tratatelor în viitor. Măsurile de schimbul de date şi transparenţa ar fi putut fi de negociere fără un tratat formal - şi fără răscumpărare interne.
Nu există nici o nevoie presantă de a implica Rusia bilateral şi în viitor, reduceri de arme. De fapt, sef al planurilor strategice şi Direcţia politica de a Forţelor Aeriene a indicat faptul că nucleare americane-de descurajare nevoi pot fi îndeplinite în condiţii de siguranţă de doar 311 de arme nucleare. Noi trebuie să mergem la acel număr imediat, apoi permiteţi-Rusia face ce vrea. În cazul în care Moscova vrea să irosească bani pe întreţinerea de mii de arme nucleare inutile, asta e problema ei. Rusia nu este inamicul nostru - sa incetam sa ne tratează-l ca unul.
- Christian Science Monitor
Dr. Yousaf Butt, un fizician nuclear, serveşte ca un consultant ştiinţific pentru Federaţia Oamenilor de Ştiinţă Americani.Alegerea redacţiei aviz
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